Logistics is a method of managing scarce resources. The need for logistics was initially felt during World War I and II. At that time, it only involved maintaining a constant supply of men and material during battles. Logistics has developed into a completely different branch of management and a lot of research has already been carried out on the subject. The main components of logistics include inventory management using scientific methods, warehousing, transportation and distribution. The main purpose is to enable the movement of goods and services, from the point of production or origin to the place of consumption, at the least possible cost. The total business generated by the logistics industry in the United States is about $ 700 billion. It is also the second largest employer of college graduates. The growth in information technology has enabled the creation of software systems that automatically process relevant data and help in deciding a future course of action. An organization can manage logistics systems and functions on its own or can employ a third party logistics provider, depending on the need. These third party companies generally perform the warehousing, transportation, and distribution functions of the manufacturer. Almost every type of organization uses some form of logistics to improve operational efficiency and reduce costs. In today's globalised world, suppliers, manufacturers and customers are spread far and wide. Increased competition has forced companies to cut costs and improve profitability. Implementing logistical systems and solutions within the organization help them achieve this. The implementation and maintenance of logistics is costly. Around 30 % of every sales dollar generated goes towards the cost of logistics. Small and medium sized companies should select a system of logistics that is economical. For transportation and logistics companies, understanding and effectively dealing with exceptional circumstances is the key to driving excess costs out of the business. |
